Woodrow Wilson Fights for Peace

1. What was Wilson's 14th Point?
This new international organization wouldaddress problems between countries before they led to war.


2. What terms of the treaty specifically affected Germany?
Germany had to pay 33billion in reparations, using money they did not have after the war. The german military was drastically reduced so it was only able to be used for defence. The new countries that were made had land from German and Austria so the gerrmans living there were not happy.


3. What were the weaknesses of the treaty?
Germany had no rights to the negoation so their side of the story was neer heard. Germany was forced to lose land even though they were not apart of the treaty. These people were forced to live together veen though they didnt get along.


4. Why did Henry Cabot Lodge object to the treaty?
They believed that this would lead to joint econmic and military action against aggression even thought it was voluntary. Also Lodges' party feared that the the league threatned the US's forgien policies of isolationism.


5. How did Wilson help bring about the Senate's rejection of the treaty?
"I will not play for postions"..."This is not a time for tactics. It is a time to stand square.I can stand defeat;I can not stand retreat form conscientious duty." even though Wislon was sick he still went on his 8,000 mile tour to speak his opinion it stopped however when he had his stroke.


6. What circumstances at this time would eventually lead many Germans to support Adolf Hitler?
the battle was neither a defeat nor a victory the germans just got up and went home, Hitler thinks that Germany could have won the war if they had stuck it out a little longer. So he thinks that they should get the land that they should have won.


7. Who is George Clemenceau?

George Clemenceau was the french priemerwho had lived through 2 germany invasions of France. He was also determined not to allow germany to invade France again which was a complete loss because they invaded during WWII .

8. Who is David Lloyd George?

David Lloyd George was the british Prime Minister who had won reelection by his campaign slogan "Make Germany Pay.

9. Describe the participation of Russia at the peace conference.

Russia was not allowed to attend the Peace conferance because the king and his whole family was murder and a dictator took over who the other nations wanted nothing to do with.

WWI - The War at Home

What were some things accomplished by the following wartime agencies and laws?

1. War Industries Board

Some accomplishments of the War Industries Board were that it applied price control onto their goods therefor making the retail price soar and almost double the price it was before the war began; The US howere did increase 20%. Thsi company incouraged industries to elimate waste by standerizing products.

2. Railroad Administration

Some accomplishments of the railroad Administration were that they controled the railways. so citizens of the US would have "gasless Sundays" in order to save gas.

3. Fuel Administration

Some accomplishments of the Fuel Administration were that because the watched ove the fuel they to were able to raise their preices. Because of this Americans had nightless nights and gasless Sundays in order to conserve fuel.

4. National War Labor Board

Some accomplishments of the National War Labor Board was created by Wilson in order to punish workers who refused to obey board descions would loose their draft extemptions. The board also worked to clean up the factories, worked to banne child labor laws, it promoted saftey inspections and it pushed for an 8 hour work day; overall it was trying to make the life of the wokers better when they were in the factories.

5. Food Administration

Wilson made the Food Administration in order to conserve and help produce food. One day was for no meat, one was for no sweets, 2 were for no wheat, and 2 days were porkless. At resturants bread was only served after the main corse and sugar bowls were removed from the tables. Homeowners planted gardens. because of these restictions the food shipment to the allied troops was just about tripled.

6. Committee on Public Information

Some accomplishments of the Committe on Public Information was that it promoted patritosim, but it also heated up hatred and violence of the civil liberties of certiant ethnic groups and opponents of the war.

7. Espionage and Sedition Acts

Some accomplishments of the Espionage and Sedition Acts was that if anyone was to oppose the war they would be charged 10 million dollars and possible serve 20 years in prison. IT would onot allow the people the freedom of speech, it restriced their rights to the first amendment.

The U.S. enters World War I

1. How did the United States raise an army?

The selective service act was passed. this ment that men ahd to sing up for the srmy but it was randomly selected to be put into the army.



2. How did U.S. soldiers help win the war?
The US navy cut the loss of the merchant ships in half by escorting the ships across and attacking the U boats as soon as the came up. The navy also planted mines in the waters so that the U boats would get trapped in them.




3. What were the estimated economic costs of the war?
The estimated economic costs of the war was about $338 billion dollars, there were many lives lost on all sides.




4. What did the war cost in terms of the number of civilian deaths; military deaths?; injuries?; and refugees?
Civilians were about 22 million, military deaths were about 48,000 americans from woundes and about 62,000 died from diease. over 200 million people became reugees.




5. Define armistice.
An armistice is a truce or an agreement to end a war or conflict.

World War I Begins

1. What are the four main causes of World War I? Give an example for each as to why it was a cause.

Militarism- the major powers of Europe began increasing the stockpile of weapons, they also began to creat more powerful wepons (WMD'S)

2. How did the June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand become the spark for WWI?

Because the assain happened to be Serbian and the Austrian-Hungary empire wanted to take over Serbia they decided it was a good enough excuse to go to war.

3. What happened within the first few months of fighting?

Within the first few months of fighting there were thousands of soilders on all sides dead from the WMDS.

4. Generally, why did the United States want to stay out of the war?

The United States wanted to stay out of the war because they wanted to show that they could be peaceful, some immergrants had close ties with the countries that were at war so the US didnt want there to be fighting at home and the parents of the soliders didnt not want their children to see the horrors of war, let alone be fighting in it.

5. Specifically, Why did the following groups of Americans tend to oppose U.S. participation in the war? Naturalized citizens; socialists; pacifists; parents.
Naturalized citizens didnt want the U.S to go to war because they still had close ties with the countries that were involved whether on one side of america or another.
Socialists followed the war closely because they thought that the war was a captial and imperilaist struggle was between England and germany to gain control of markets in china.
the Pacifists thought that the war was evil and america should make an example by being peaceful. parents didnt want their boys to see the horrors of war.

6. How did Germany respond to the British naval blockade of Germany’s ports? What was the U.S. response?

Germany was not able to get food or fertilzer to grow food, so a lot of people died of starvation. the U.S was not happy with this because they couldnt get their goods to the germans and they didnt like that the british let so many people die.

7. What forced the United States into the war?
Germany said that they would use U boats to sink all boats in british waters wether hostile or not. The Zimmermann note came next trying to turn Mexico against the Us, and then The germans sunk 4 unarmed US merchant ships.

Imperialism's Bitter Fruit

1. a. After the Spanish were forced out of the Philippines, why did fighting break out between American and Filipino forces?
The Filipino thought that the Americans were helping them gain their freedom from Spain, well it turns out that the US wanted the Philippines.

b. How was this a different kind of warfare for American forces?
The Philipine Insurrection was in the form of irregular, or guerrilla war- similiar to what is being fought today in Iraq and Afghanistan. Whereas, in this early American history, most wars had been fought by large, conventional forces using generally accepted methods of war guided by the rules of war (later to be codified in the Geneva and Hague Conventions).

2. Why were many African-Americans strong critics of the war against Filipino nationalists?
African Americans were strong critics against the African Americans because they were being treated badly by the other members of their team ( the americans). The african americans were not allowed to go into certian bars, barbars, or any other facilities that said "whites only." so because the Filippinos were treatyed the same way (with discrimination) the African Americans knew how they felt.

3. Explain two reasons why the United States lost some of its enthusiasm for imperialism in the early 1900s.
a. Scholars of this time were saying that imperisaliam would increase war and conlflict around the world.

b.The people and Roosevelt saw that there were to many conflicts in trying to occupy an other country. The US was not ready fot hte burden of having an empire. Roosevelt called the islands "Americas achilles heel"

4. What were the positive effects of American occupation in Puerto Rico and Cuba?
When america got control of the Islands they rapidly developed the islands into the times. They put in roads, telegraph lines, the finaces were reorganized, schools were opened, the sanation was improved, and yellow fever was stamped out. d



5. After the Spanish-American War, the United States insisted that Cuba only receive independence after agreeing to several limitations set forth in the Platt Amendment. Four restrictions on Cuban independence set forth in the Platt Amendment were:

a.The Us had the right to oversee the cuban economy
b.The US had the right to veot power over Cuban foregin policy.
c.The US was allowed to build a naval base on the southern tip of the island (to insure protection of life, liberty, and proptery.)
d. And intervean when nessceary.

Was the United States justified in making these demands? Explain your reasoning.
The Us was pretty justified in makeing these demands, they gave Cuba freedom to govern themselfs but now they have a greater power to help them if they start to decline. I dont think its fair that Us had the right to oversee the Cuban economy but it was good for the Cubans because it would give them a good head start when trying to gain a better economy.

6. Do you believe the United States was imperialist? Why or why not?

Yes at time i think the US was imperialist but i dont believe it was on purpose. The Us was only trying to gain more land and have a better communcations/ trade in the world so it could show the other countries that it was a big and growing power. But some of the things the US did to proove this were wrong, like when in the Philipines they should not have tried to take them over when the US said that they were helping them gain freedom from Sapin, instead they tricked the Filipines people.

Spanish-American War

1. What connections did the U.S. have to Cuba in the late 1800s? List at least two.
People in the 1800's hoped that cuba would become another slave territory for the united sates. President Polk tried to buy Cuba from Spain to make this happen, however Spain turn it down.
Cuba was also really close to the tip of Florida (90 miles) so the Us thought it would be perfect to have in their possesion (sugar that comes from cuba is needed in the Us)


2. What were the Spanish “reconcentration camps”?
During the Spanish American war the spainish were not able to figure out who the nationalist forces were, so it was out of the questionto catch them. So the spanish decided to cut them off from the public who provided them with food and supplies. To do this the Spanish set up Reconcentration Camps, the people in these camps were Cuban pesants. The camps were small towns were people were cramed together with little food for the mass amount of people, not enough housing and the sanitation was very poor. These camps were a lot alike the the concentration camps that showed up in WWII were the Jews were kept by the Nazis.


3. List three reasons why the United States went to war with Spain in Cuba.
a. The US secretly wanted Cuba as its own because of the Sugar that was grown there. The businessmen were promoting this the most because they had stock over there.
b. The sinking of the USS Main, but mostly because of the yellow jernalism that propelled the people to believe that it was really Spain the bombed it.
c. By going to war with Spain American was given the chance to gain new territories other than Cuba, like Guam and the Philippines (increase trade with Asia) and they would get puerto Rico.

4. Which do you believe was the most important reason? Why?
I believe that the gaining of the new colonies was the maine reason. By having more territories in other places it increases trade with countries in higer power, it allows the US to have a naval presents in different parts of the world without having to worry about competing with other countries. Also by having these territories the US will no longer look like a new country, this shows that the Us is moving forward to become a great power in the world.

5. What did the Teller Amendment say?

6. Why was a portion of the Spanish-American War fought in the Philippines?
At this time the Filipinos were also fighting for there freedom, from spain. So Dewey thought that by giving these people weapons they would help fight, the same way that the african americans did in the civil war (having them fight for their cause rather than watching from behind.)

7. Dewey’s victory in ___Manila __sparked an outpouring of _pride which led to more volunteers __in the United States.

8. Why did Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders want to fight in Cuba?
Roosevelt and the rough riders wanted to fight in Cuba because they needed to raise awarness to America and win so that people would sign up to join the army. Spain had almost double the numbers of america at this time.

9.
a. Why were many African-Americans eager to serve in the Spanish-American War?
African Americans wanted to raise the status of blacks in the Us by showing that they could win the wars. They hoped that it would gain African American communties new respect and chip away at the wall of discrimination.

b. What forms of discrimination and prejudice did they encounter?
African Americans were not allowed to volunteer to be in the army they had to be in special units. In the army they wer not allowed to rank above a certain point. Balck groups were not allowed to fight in Cuba only one group saw the carribean (from Mass.)

Imperialism: The Origins of a Global Power

1. Why did American plantation owners and U.S. Marines topple Hawaii’s queen in 1893? Why was Hawaii considered to be a valuable prize? What was President Grover Cleveland’s reaction? Do you agree or disagree with his quote on page 1?
It was located half way between the pacific ocean ( a good naval base). the isald was rich in volanic soil which was good for growing crops. Cleveland didnt want to overthrow them ( annex) he thought that it would corrupt the American valules of freedom and equality. No i do not agree with what he is doing, he still wants to take them over but he wants them to be like the US rather than on their own.

2. Identify five important changes that transformed American in the nineteenth century. How did these five changes affect Americans?
Techonolgy factor- industries provided ability to travel the world
Military Factor- growing navy needs bases world wide
Humanitarian/religious belifes- Westerns believe in spreading western ideas and beliefes.
Nationalist Factors- drives country to compete for new colonies (race with European powers)
Econmic Factors- Manufacturing nations need more matural resources and markets

3. How did the economic depression that began in 1893 deepen the divisions in American society? Which groups suffered the most during the depression?
The working class was hit hard worried that they would lose their jobs, the plant owners were scared that they would lose their profits.

4. What were the values many Americans attached to the frontier? Why did many Americans fear that the closing of the frontier would harm America’s national character?
They said that the frontier looked like an opportunity filled society that showed resourcefullness, bravery, pragmatism, ingenuity, individualism, egalitarinism, and patriotism. By gaining all this land it helped encomic growth, so people thought that by not having anywhere else to go the economy would go down.

5. Why did some Americans suggest greater involvement overseas?
Business men saw 10 of millions of potential consumers there could be an outlet for the surplus of American products. They saw that Japan and Europ were starting to make deals with China and imposed rules on the trade. Some people believed that by having a greater involvoment overseas the Us would gain more political power.

6. What policy did expansionists say would ensure the economic success of the United States? What did imperialists say?
Expansionists- Said that by haveing a greater presence overseas it would help gain more political power, allowing the Us to catch up with the greater powers.
Imperialists- Wanted the Us to build a sizeable overseas empire in which the Us would conquer and rule over a strategic foreign territories and nations.

7. How did the theories of social Darwinism and scientific racism lend support to the cause of American imperialism? How were these pseudo-scientific theories used to justify racist policies and imperialism? Are they still used today?
I know what these are but i have no idea how to put them together for these questions. ill talk to you in class about it then ill go back and fix it.



8. What did many Protestant churches say was America’s role in the world?
That the Us was to "lift up" and "downtrodden" of other nations, they sent missionaries overseas to do this. they thought that america was giving a message from god to tell the people of the world to follow this religion.

9. Why did the United States become involved in several Latin American nations in the nineteenth century? Summarize why the United States became involved in Samoa, Hawaii, and other Latin American nations.
They had perfect harobor for naval bases that were near countries in case of an emergency, the islands also were perfect for growing tropical fruits and sugar.

10. Why was the United States concerned about British involvement in Venezuela? What concept did U.S. Secretary of State Richard Olney invoke in response?
The Us thought that the British were "bulling" Venezula, which shared a boarder with Guiana ( a british island that held a lot of gold). Olney didnt want the British to eat up all the islands like they did in Africa, if the British got Venezula then the Us would have no commerical ties with Latin America.

Spanish-American War (1898)

Causes: How did each of the following help to cause the outbreak of the Spanish-American War?



1. American business owners-
the business owners bought stock in places like cuba for the sugar fields. so when their stock was in trouble from powers they could change they wentafter it. ( outraged when the cuban people burned thier proptery so they had the government tell the cubans what to do.)

2. José Martí-
He organized a cuban resistance against spain. He dilibratly attacked proptery, mostly American sugar plantations and mills. By doing this American business men were upset and called on the government to make it stop, because thwe gov was very involved with thte business men.

3. Valeriano Weyler-
A spanish general who was sent to cuba to "restore order."He tried to crush the rebillon by throwing people from all over Cuba in to camps lined with barbed wire. (concentration camps)

4. Yellow journalism-
When the news is played up to sell newspapers. This made the news intrest people more so when the USS Maine was destroyed they were able to bend it in the governments favor by having the apanish do it.

5. De Lôme letter-
A letter written by the Spanish minister to the US, it was stolen from a post office and leaked to a newspaper. The letter smashed President Mckinley calling him weak and a coward.

6. U.S.S. Maine-
A boat that exploded in Havana harobor Cuba. The cause was "unknown" though today we know it was from faluty airflow in the room holding the gun poweder. However the American government blamed this on the spanish which allowed them to go to war with them. The American secretly wanted Cuba, they were drooling over it, so many people think that the explosion was a conspearseare.



Effects: What happened to each of the following territories as a result of the Spanish-American War?

7. Cuba-
Rich with sugar, American business men had stock over there so they had an influence over the government.

8. Puerto Rico-
It gave the US a good navy base and allowed them to have a better presense near south america.


9. Guam-
it provided the Us a bumper and a presence near china.


10. Philippine Islands-
Spain thought that invade Cuba first but they were wrong, american surprised Spain and went to the Philippines first. The philippines was captured and the people who lived there supported America, so they joined forces.

U.S. Imperialism Begins

1. Name at least five factors that fueled American Imperialism.
Technology Factor- Industrial Rev provides ability to travel the world.
Military Factor-Growing navys need bases worldwide.(pearl Harbor)
Humanitarian and religious factors- Western believe in spreading western ideas and christanity. (socail darwinsm)
National Factors- nationalism drives countries to compete for new colonies. (race with European powers for colonies)
Economic Factors- Manufacturing nations need more natural resources and markets.(thirst for new markets)

2. Choose two of the above five factors and describe them in your own words.
The military factor was for the us to build up its defense. to do this they needed more places around the world to station troops. by having Hawaii they were the center between the US, Austrialia, Canada, Russia, and China.
The Economic factors were the united states business men trying to expand their wealth, by doing so they took over countries and territories (hawaii)

3. What was known as “Seward’s Folly” and why?
When the secretary of state William Seward purchased Alaska from Russia for 7.2 million dollars the American people were not happy, they called it Sewards icebox or Sewards folly.


4. What plantation-based product accounted for three-quarters of Hawaii’s wealth in the mid-19th century and who controlled this product?
Sugar and Pinapples was the main wealth of Hawaii and in the 19th century American Business men were in control of it.

6. Using as much detail as possible, outline the sequence of events that led to America gaining possession of Hawaii? In other words, why was the United States interested in these Pacific islands?
The Us was intrested in these islands because they were the center mark between Canada, America, Russia, China, and Austraila. By having control of this they could watch British trades, they could also have a military base that could easily defend an opponet of the countries listed because the islands are so close. The first event that helped in the possesion of Hawaii was the Frederick Jackson Turners Frontier Thesis, it said that to be an american you have to find land, so when there was no ore land in america they need to branch out even more, the next in line was Hawaii. President McKinley took over Hawaii from Queen Liliuoalani, he took it over because business men had money over there, and the Hawaiian people arnt christian.

Child Labor Reform Photographs

Where are these children? List any clues relating to their surroundings. Describe any tools or objects you see. Describe their clothing. What do their clothes reveal about their work?

Photo A.
This child is in a mill factory (cotton) and she is standing next to a huge machine used for spinning. This machine she is standing next to looks like what they use to weave clothes and thread. The girls clothing looks really beat up and worn,but not torn or in rags. Her hair is up in a high ponytail then braided to keep out of her face (probably for when shes working.) Her clothes tell us that she is probably running around a lot which shows wrinkles, but because they're not all beat up chance are that she didnt have a very hands on job.

Photo B.
These children are outside, but from the picture i cannot really tell where they are. I assume that they are in front of a factory because they are infront of a tall brick building with 2 windows (it doesnt look like a house.) They clothing of these girls is very plain and old. The clothes look overworn and dirty, like they were used a lot for hard activites such as work. They work invloves a lot of movement and they must do it all the time for a long time because they clothes look like they're going to fall apart.

Photo C.
This little girl is in a factory, i think its a clothing factory becasue of all the looms and the thread on top of the machines. This little girls clothing looks like rags or handme downs. they are way to big for her, and they look really old. Based on her clothing i would say that she is worked very hard even though she so young.

Photo D.
This little boy is selling newspapers in the side of the street. Theres some people, and one lady is carrying a umbrula which shows that it is/ was raining. Even though its a city street it doesnt look to crowed, there are no cars in the street and there are only 5 people to be seen in this picture. This boys clothes arn't that bad, he has a hat a jacket nice pants and shoes. He probably needed to dress nice because he was working with normal people who had higher paying jobs.

Photo E.
These boys are processing coal in a factory. they are all different ages some in their teens but most of them are younger. The boy in the back who is holding a long pole looks like what the caption say to be a slave driver to keep them in order. The boys clothes are all black and on their faces theres black smears. This shows how much dust there is in these factories, which is not good to be breathed in.

Photo F
In this picture there are a lot of boys(mostly teenagers) who are working in a glass blowing factory. In this space there is a lot of open pipes that there ares some people working on. There is a lot of equitment in this space and every boy is working. The boys clothes are all different, for some the clothes are in tatters with holes in them. Some of the boys have clothes that look worn, and most of them have stains on them, which you cant tell what they are from the photo. The clothes show that the work is hard and requires them to do a lot.

Photo G.
In this picture there are a lot of people working of all different ages, these people were oyster shuckers. Everyone there had to work except for the babies (who were still there next to their mothers). There are almost no tools in this picture and you canot see what is in the hands of the workers because there are so many of them. There is one little girl who is standing over a hole that the baskets containing the oysters are sitting on. The clothes of these people are in pretty good condition but they look dirty, some of the peoplehave smocks or aprons on. The work based on they clothes doesnt look to be to bad, but the caption that tells about thier work shows that they work very long hours, from 3 am to 5 pm. Plus they do not get to sit down they stand all day( there are no chairs in the picture.)

Photo H.
In this photo there are at least 11 children going to work. They are working the night shift. It is also cold out because all the children have jackets and hats on, and there is snow on the ground. the childrens clothes are hard to see because they have on their jackets.

Progressive Era Presidents Taft and Wilson

1. How did William Howard Taft get selected to run for president?
Roosevelt didnt want to run again instead he want taft to carry out his policies, he was the secratery war. He felt that Taft would carry out his policies.

2. How did Teddy Roosevelt come to oppose Taft for the presidency in 1912?
teddy decided to run, but Taft decided to run again,Taft had the upper hand witht he democrats on his side. Teddy had the Bull Moose Party, which was made up of progressives who were having trouble in this time.


3. What events helped Woodrow Wilson win the election in 1912?
campainged on a progressive platfom called "The New Freedom." He wanted stronger anti trust legislation, banking reform, and lower terrifs. Wilson opposed all trusts and monopolies.

4. What legislation did Wilson use to attack trusts and monopolies?
Once in office because so many people wanted reform, he was able to carry out his plans more smoothy. (Which was why voters voted for him)

5. What was the Nineteenth Amendment?
The bill that was passed in 1919 that allowed women to vote!

6. How did America's entry into World War I affect the reform movement?
The Entry in to WWII affected the reform movemnet by forcing all reform movements to stop. THe enrty into the war brought the end to Americans Reform

TR's Square Deal labels:

1. How did Roosevelt create the modern presidency?
He attacked the industries, none of the other presidents did that, he was the first one to make people see and listen to the power he had.

2. How did Roosevelt's intervention in a coal strike set a precedent for federal arbitration?
By telling the owners of the coal factories to negoiate with the workers or he would send the army in to take over it was a big shock for them! no president have ever done this before! so he set the footsteps for the government to start to take over the rules of industries etc.

3. What did Roosevelt do to the trusts and railroads?
The trusts and railroads were put into the control of the government.

4. What legislation passed during Roosevelt's presidency protected citizens?
The meat, and drug act. this act protected the everyday people by helping them watch what they eat (not in a getting fat way) but in a i will keep you healthy way.

5. What did Roosevelt do to protect the environment?
Roosevelt set up preservation lands to keep people from distrubting the land, he set aside national parks such as the grand caynon, and yellowstone. Roosevelt also set up dams along the biggest regions, The hoover dam.

Urbanzation.

1. What is Urbanization?
The rapid growth of cities, mostly in the northeast or midwest.

2. For what reasons did a number of Americans move from the country to the cities?
In 1990s to find jobs in factories.(Imigrants), on farms machines replaced people so farmers went to the cities to find jobs, mostly african americans. mostley for the jobs that were easy to find in this time period, even if it ment low wages( it could be better than they were getting before.)


3. What were the housing problems that many poor city dwellers faced?
Cities population grew fast, so there was little room to live, plus there was a shortage in houseing. lived in a small amount of space with lots of people, tenatments had lots of families in them that were diry. Rohouse was a single fam house that shared walls with other houses.
lots of fires because of the lack of water and the trash in the streets.

Immigration

1. Describe the causes of the immigration of Southern and Eastern Europeans, Chinese, Koreans, and Japanese to America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
2. Describe the journey immigrants endured and their experiences at United States immigration stations.

1.) They left their homeland because jobs were scarse.the mexicans came because after the mexican war they needed to escape termoil, others came becasue america took over some territory. Some came to escape diffcult conditions, like lack of food, diesaes, religon, politics etc. most were "Lured" here because they knew they could have a better life.

2.) The immigrates traveled from their homeland by steamships. On these steamships the immigrants they shared a small space, because of this the dieseas spread rapidly! When they arrived in america of the east coast they had to go through Ellis Island. At Ellis Island they were put through tests, they needed to be dieseas free, and make the legal requriment.
The West coast people went through Angle Island. Here the selections and tests were much harder because Americans were prejudice against them.

Big Business and Labor Quiz

The Laissez faire gave power to one individual at the factory, the head of the company.The owners believed that the market was made by god (not man made), so if something went wrong it wasn't their problem. The labors saw the bad end of this because if they got hurt in the factory the owner wouldnt give him or her sick time. The owners also thought that if you were poor it wasn't their fault for not paying you enought it was gods fault for making you this way. God made the owners riich and handsome, and the poor people poor and ugly, therefore it wasnt the owners fault they had nothing to do with it. This was how followers of the Laissez faire thought life went. Plus it save them from the govermnet intervening and setting laws about wages and hours.
Social Darwinsm started the term "survival of the fittest". People who followed social darwinism( rich people because they got something out of it) believed that society was like a jungle with the struggle of the classes. They also believed that the weak would perish and everybody left would be rich and happy. The labors got nothing out of this because in the end they perish. but because people viewd stuff this way they would neglet the workeers thinking oh well they were only going to die anyways im putting them out of their miserary.

Labor Unions & Big Business

Identify each of the following events or people. Give an explanation or description of the item. Answer the questions who, what, where, and when.


Explain the historical significance of each item in the space provided. Establish the historical context in which the item exists. Establish the item as the result of or as the cause of other factors existing in the society under study. Answer this question: What were the political, social, economic, and/or cultural consequences of this item?


I hope these went through this time


the Knights of Labor


a.Identification- it was the only broad based labor system to survive the depression, which was led by Terence V. Powderly in 1860 when all the members of other companies were quiting they were fine.


b. Significance
- this was one of the few places that allowed everyone to work, wether they were african american, women, skilled or unskilled. Some of the concenquences were the founders believed they could have all the union labors cooperatite so it would be easier to trade and everyone would be happy. unfortunaly people didnt want this.
the Haymarket riot

a. Identification- was in 1886, one of the most violent riots of the time. While protesting in haymarket square market about poliece brulity the poliece came and attacked protesters, but a bomb went off and killed some people and wounded over 60.



b. Significance- the significance of this is that workers would go to this means to try and get their point by which could become very problematic. also made people fear radicalism.

the American Federation of Labor


a. Identification- a alliance of national craft unions. unlike the knights the Afl tried to work out the whoole wage and hours situation with the workers. they avoided party policies



b. Significance- Set backs in the 1890's, the steel and iron plants went on stike because they didnt want the wage cuts. the iron plant was closed, but the steel plant had to have guards sent in, 5 months later the strikers gave in.

Samuel Gompers


a. Identification- Sam Gompers was the head of the cigar markers international union, and later the president of the AFL. as the president he baragined collectivly, and negotieated between wages hours anf working conditions.

b. Significance- he used strikes in the Afl as a big tactic. Strikes = higher wages and shorter work weeks within his compay.

the Homestead strike


a. Identification-


b. Significance-

the Pullman strike



a. Identification- Durning the depression the Pullman Company laid off about 3000/5800 workers, it also decided to cut wages about 1/4th and not lower the cost of the homes they were allowing the labores to rent out. In 1864 a strike poped upbecause the Pullman Company refused to lower housing costs or up the wages. So because the Pullman Co wouldnt negioate with the strikers the Aru started boycotting Pullman trains.

b. Significance- The Aru started boycotting Pullman trains. And becasue Pullman hired back strike breaker the strike got violent so violent that President Cleveland had to send in federal troops.


Eugene V. Debs


a. Identification- He tried to form a union that could include every type of worker (skilled or unskilled). When he made this industrie he called it the American Railway Union. He late turned to socialism, with many other heads of companies.


b. Significance -The new union went on strike for higher wages, the industrie never recovered from this it was added movement to the Union Organizing.

the Industrial Workers of the World


a. Identification- It was a labor organization for unskilled labors, it was formed by socialists and radical unionists in 1905. William Haywood was the head of this company. It consisted of miners, lumberers, dock workers, and cannery workers. They were one of the few companies to allow african americans to work.


b. Significance- Only had one majory strike this is because "They gave dignity and a sense of solidarity to the unskilled workers". Most companies didn't do this which sets them apart.

Important people- giving def

Andrew Carnegie-gave money to build public libaries hoping people would write their own from rags to riches books.

Social Darwinism- It's the philosophoy of Charles Darwin,it was used to explain the the evloution of the human society.

John D. Rockefeller- He paid his oil emploeys under the average, and sold the oil at low prices, then when everyone started to buy it he hicked the prices up like crazy. but he still gave away money to colleges.

Sherman Antitrust Act- made it illegal to for a trust that interfered with free trade between counties and states.

Samuel Gompers- he led the cigar markets international union to join people more ordianary in 1886.

American Federation of Labor (AFL)- Led negotions between Reps of labor and managment to discuss wages, hours, working conditions etc. They also help workers go on strike that ended in the best intrestes of the workers.

Eugene V. Debs- He put together skillled workers and unskilled workers to the American railway Union.

Industrial Workers of the World- Was a group that gave solideratry to inskilled workers along with diferent races, African Americans were allowed to work here.

Railroad Development

Why was the government so eager to promote the growth of railroads?


The government was really eager to promote the growth of railroads becuase it helped start a new vision for America. By being able to get to anywhere without a haslte new cities and markets were set up. the government wanted this because it ment an inflow of money to the country. The railroads also set up a national network. People could go from one place to another with out the 3 weeek hick across dangerous terrian. The growth of the railroads also helped the government by influecing the industries and businesses to make products such as iron, steel, lumber, and glass so they could make tracks. This brought in a ton of money to the government.

Expansion of Industry

-A wealth of natural resources
-Government support for business
-A growing urban population which equals cheap labor and markets new products

Witht the abundance of all the new resources like oil, help lead to a tech boom. This is because the people new they could turn the oil into kerosene. This made industries pop up all over the place. With the government supporting businesse it will help the people thrive because the gov will be pushing for more labor and there will be a greater demand for products.

Westward Expansion Questions

1. What are some of the main reasons that the federal government's policy of assimilation failed?

The U.S government hasn't kept a promise to the native americans yet so why start now. Also the whites dont respect the native americans so the native Americans would be giving everything up and get no acceptance in return.

2. How successful were government efforts to promote settlement of the Great Plains? Give examples to support your answer.

The government effort to promote settlement on the great plains was very effective because they gave away free land which drew people in, then from that the pop grew and schools poped up along with stores etc.

Conflict in Iraq Q and A's

Conflict in Iraq Q and A's:

1. Where do most Kurds, Shi'a, and Sunnis live in Iraq?Kurds: Shi'a: Sunnis:
The Kurds live in Northern Iraq in small sections.
THe Shi'a live in southern Iraq more toward the east near Iran.
The Sunnis live in the middle of Iraq between the Shi'a and the Kurds, there are also some small groups near Kuwait and Turkey.

2. Which ethnic group(s) hold(s) power over the majority of oil reserves in Iraq?
The Shi'a hold more power in the south and the Kurds have more power in the north.

3. What is the main reason Britain become involved in Iraq?
The main reason the British became intrested in Iraq was because they had no oli fields of their own, so they wanted to control the reigon so they could get the rich oli fields.

4. What did pan-Arabists advocate after World War II?
The pan arabists wanted independence for the entire Middle Easr and encourages the Iraqi government to sever ties with Britian.
5. How was Saddam Hussein able to gain power and popularity in the 1970s?
Saddam Hussein gained power by having increasing the price of oil. Then he used that money to fund free education, a good public helath care system, and reforming the agricultural systems.
6. Why did the United States become involved in the Iran-Iraq War?
America became involved in the Iraq-Iran war because they didnt want the Islamist government of Iran to win. So when Iran started to attack kuwaits oil tankers America gave Iraq military intelligence, America also gave them credit to buy our weapons. But America also sold Iran spare parts to improve relations with Iran to get back American hostages from Lebanon.
7. Why did President George H.W. Bush (1989-93) bring the ground portion of the First Persian Gulf War to a halt? List two reasons. a. b.Extended Response: 8. What are the different ethnic and religious groups in Iraq? Why is it important to understand these differences?
They thought of the consequences of controlling a completely destabilizing Iraq. They also didnt want to kill husseins army so they let them run.
Extended Response:
8. What are the different ethnic and religious groups in Iraq? Why is it important to understand these differences?
there are two main ethnic groups in Iraq, the Arabs and the Kurds. The main religion of Iraq is muslim, and the 3 groups that folllow it are the Kurds, the Shi'a, and the Sunnis.
9. What dangers did President George W. Bush (2001-09) say Iraq posed to the region and the world? Name two
a.) Iraqs weapons program
b.) Hussins links to terrorism.
10. What were the U.S. government's declared goals in sending troops to Iraq?a. b.
a.) End Husseins regime
b.) to uncover WMD'S (weapons of mass distruction)
11. List two reasons violence continues in Iraq.a. b. Extended Response:
a.) Distrustful of the new government/ concerned about countrys future
b.)Angry at the U.S presence
12. Describe the different groups involved in the ongoing conflict in Iraq. What are their goals? (Reasons for fighting)
In the Shi'a there are two groups, the Mahsi Army and the Badr Brigade. The goals of there two groups are to resist the U.S and the Sunnis. Also to increase the Shi'a power in Iraq.
The Sunni have 3 groups the support them, the Islamic Army in Iraq, the Islamic Front for Iraqi Resistance, and the 1920's Revolution Brigades. These 3 groups share the same goal;to resist U.S forces fighting in Al- qaeda in Iraq.
The Kurds have 3 groups the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan(PUK), and the Kurdish Workers Party (PKK). All 3 groups are for Kurdistan self determination.
The last group is off of a small amount of sunnis called Al- Qaeda in Iraq. Their goal is to start a civil war, and to drive the U.S out of Iraq.