FDR & the New Deal

1. Describe how people struggled to survive during the depression.
People lived in shanty towns, which were houses made out of scraps they found on the streets, others slept in parks with newspapers as blankets. To eat people dug through trash cans, there were bread lines, and Soup kitchens.

2. How was what happened to men during the Great Depression different from what happened to women? Children?
The MEN who were unemployed during the depression would go out every day to look for work, but after a a few years the men grew discouraged, and would somethimes leave their familys. Mainly men would turn up in Big City homeless shelters. The WOMEN would work hard to help their familys. They would manage their budget to save money, they would get jobs even though they got paid less than men, later however married women were forced to stop working even as schoolteachers. They would sew clothes and can food.women starved to death because they were to ashamed to beg or go to the bread lines. The CHILDREN had serious health problems becasue of lack of nutrienten. Schools shut down because of the budgets, so the children would go to work. some teens tried to travel America by hoping on trains looking for work. But they were often caught and beaten by bulls, locked in ice boxes, or killed by murders.

3. Describe the causes and effects (on people) because of the Dust Bowl.
Farmers who had land were forced to leave it behind and search for work. They traveled west to California in search for new work. Soe tried to become extra hands pn farms, but others couldn't get work.

4. What was the New Deal and its three general goals? (The 3 Rs)
The New Deal was FDR's program to alleviate the problems of the Depression, focusing on relief for the needy, economic recovery, and financial reform. The three R's were relief, recovery, and reform.

5. What did Roosevelt do during the Hundred Days?
Durning the hundreds days was when Roosevelt had congress passing over 15 pieces of New Deal Legislation. These laws greatly expanded the governments role in the nations economy. Roosevelt had banks closed, then had them investigated. The ones that were ok and paid off their debt were opened at once, but the ones that were unable to pay off debt were forced to be shut down for good.

6. Why were Roosevelt's fireside chats significant?
Roosevelts fireside chats were significant because it made the citizens feel as if he was talking directly to them becasue he was using simply direct language. These chats were over the radio explaning what he was doing and why. The chats

7. Describe four significant agencies and/or bills that tightened regulation of banking and finance.

GLASS STEAGALL ACT- it established the Federal Deposit Insurance Cororation(FDIC) to protect individuals' bank accounts.
FEDERAL SECURITY ACT- it required corporations to provide complete, accurate info on all stock offerings to make the citizens have faith in the stok market again. off of this congress made SECURITIES and EXCHANGES COMMISSIONS (SEC) which would regulate the stock market, this kept people from ripping off the stock market/ rigging it.
Some alochol was allowed to be manufactured and sold. when the 21st amendment was passed prohibition was repealed.

Causes of the Great Depression Outline

To what extent was the Wall Street Crash a cause of the Great Depression of 1929? Support your argument with specific examples.

Thesis
I. Main Point 1
a. Evidence 1 that supports Main Point 1
i. further supporting details
b. Evidence 2 that supports Main Point 1
II. Main Point 2.... and so on.

Thesis-
The great depression was the outcome of many events . The decline in the arguiculture, tariffs and war debt tht cut down forgien market for American goods, the poor credit, as well as the wall street crash.

Main Point 1: Agriculture
i. Farmers go into debt, cant pay back loans which lead to banks taking land, but going broke becuse they do not get paid back.
ww1 is why they took out loans, trying to meet th egrowing demand. After the warteh demand went down, farmers couldnt make money so they bumped down the prices and no one bought it. Went bankruped and the bank took their land.


Main Point 2: Credit
People used credit to buy all these ice new things, then relized they couldnt pay it back.
The economy would tank because a lot of people were not paying what they owed so the country would lose money.

Main Point 3: Wall Street Crash
Wall street lost tons of money becasue of SPECULATION! which is a form of gambling. People who borrow money, buy shares then sell them for more money.
MARGIN- People could put money down and not pay the whole thing up front hoping that they would make enough on their stick to pay it back and then some. When the economy tanked no one had the money to pay back what they owed, people didnt want to buy stocks so pretty mucb there was no money there at all.

Main Point 4: Tariffs and war debt
HAWLEY SMOOT TARIFF- reduced foregin goods coming into the U.S that way investors would not buy foregin products they would buy stuff from home.
This led to other countries not being able to buy things from the U.S because the tariff was so high.
Some industries were badly hurt, unemployment rises, no goods to Europe who has all our money that we lended them in WW1
Other countries made their tariffs high to, to get back at the U.S

Causes & Early Effects of the Great Depression

1. What happened on "Black Tuesday"?
on Black Tuesday 1929 the stock market cashed the DOw Jones dropped 12%. This was the biggest fall in the stock market on America.

2. How did the economic trends of the 1920s in industry, agriculture, and with consumers help cause the Great Depression? (Make sure you include significant details about each area in your answer. It should be at least a paragraph)
The AGRICULTURE in the 1920's went way down from the times of the war. During the war wheat and other grain were in high demands, so farmers took out loans in order to expand their farms to meet the demand. When the war was over the demand went down, and farmers lost because they were in debt from taking out the laons, and they couldnt pay the loans back because they werent making enough money to. Because of this the farmers raised the prices of their gooods, which made the people have to pay more. Because of the credit that was now avaible people would creat debt for themselves. The INDUSTRY helped caused the great depression because the basic textiles (railroads,textiles, and steel.) Coal was hit hard after the war because there were new forms of electricty so people were no longer buying it. When housing fell so didnt the jobs that went with it such as construction, and industries that built things such as furniture, rugs etc.

3. According to your reading, what are the major causes of the Great Depression?
Coustmers have less money to spend, they are living on credit, the collasp of some industries and the farmers who lost money and had to raise their products prices.

4. What was Hoover’s philosophy of government?
He thought that one governments chief functions was to foster cooperations between competing groups and businesses. And that government should intervene to make sure that both sides get what they need, the government would force anything that it was a privlage.

5. What was Hoover’s initial reaction to the stock market crash of 1929?
He tried to tell Americans that America had a strong footing and everything would be all right,he wanted them to go about their business as usual and look to a brighter future.

6. What was the nation’s economic situation in 1930?
more companies were going out of business was shrinking while the unemployment rate soared up, Soup kitches were everywhere, and general misery was apon the people.Shantytowns began to grow in every city, and hobos continued to roam.

7. How did voters in 1930 respond to this situation?
Voters who had favored the republicans when they voted Hoover in hoping he would bring the country to wealth went back to the Democrats which gave them more seats in Senate allowing them to bend the vote to their favor.

8. What did Hoover do about the economic situation?
Hoover still refused to support anymore federal welfare, the people were upset by this saying that he was the reason the country wa starving.

9. How did the economy respond to his efforts?
As much as Hoover did like fixing the banks to start to scrape away at bankrupcy the people saw that it was yet to turn the economy around.

The Twenties Woman

1. Note two ways women's fashions changed.
They wore bright dresses that were light and hung just above the knee; these dresses were alos close fitting, pumps, skin colored nylons. Their hair was cut into bobs and dyed dark black.
2. Note two ways women's social behavior changed.
The women were more assertive, smoked in public and drank, they could talk openly about sex and Marriage became an equal partnership.


3. Note two words that describe the attitude reflected by these changes.
Flappers and the double standered.

4. Note one way women's work opportunities improved.
Because of the new factories women could now work in offices, factories,stores and professions. Because women wanted to go into professions colleges became womens colleges to teach them the professions.

5. Note two ways women's home and family life improved.
The birth rate had gone down becasue of birth control, new machines made it so the mother/wife didnt have to stay home all day and do the work.

6. Note three negative effects that accompanied women's changing roles in the 1920s.
As the women ajusted to the changes they were now open to put strain onto the familys that was not needed. Young adolesents were rebelling a lot more. It was hard for the women to juggle the kids house work and their new work/ changes of the 20's.

The Twenties Woman

Prohibition and the Scopes Trial

Do you think the passage of the Volstead Act and the ruling in the Scopes trial represented genuine triumphs for traditional values? Think About:
• changes in urban life in the 1920s
• the effects of Prohibition
• the legacy of the Scopes trial


The Government was trying to help the citizens through this huge national change. They put laws on drinking to stop the violence and corupption that came with it. They put the biologly teacher into trial to see if it would be the best for the nation to have the children learn of darwins Theroy or if they should stick to God. There were great changes during thsi time, so yes it was good for the government to be looking out for the nation, but they should not be doing it in a way in which the morals of the citizens would be effected.

Americans Struggle with Postwar Issues

1. How did the Justice Department under A. Mitchell Palmer respond to this fear?
THe justice Department under A.Mitchell Palmer responded to this fear by starting the Palmer raids which went against the publics rights by invading homes, jailing vics ect. They also

2. Why did Palmer eventually lose his standing with the American public?
After a while the public thought that Plamer was using the "Red Scare" as a campaign bumper upper, to gain the publics support, but the public thought that he had no clue what he was doing.

3. How did the Ku Klux Klan respond to this fear?
The KKK was paid to hier new recruits then they were against anyone who was not from America, they also made sure to "keep blacks in their place."

4. Why did the Klan eventually lose popularity and membership?
Their criminal activity led to a decrease in power even though they had high power in the states politics.

5. Briefly describe how Sacco and Vanzetti became victims of the Red Scare.
In America they were charged with robbery and murder, yet the accued pleaded innocent and had alibiles, the judge still found them guility and they were killed.

6. Why was the strike by Boston police unpopular with the public?
The strike was unpopular with the public because it put the pubic in danger which is something that the police wer paid to do.

7. Why did Massachusetts governor Calvin Coolidge become so popular?
Calvin Coolidge became really popular because he stopped the police strike and he then fired all the strikers and hired new ones

8. Why was the strike at U.S. Steel unpopular?
The strike at the U.S Steel was unpopular becasue the strikers only wanted to changed their hours and their pay. when they were striking other people were hired into thier jobs, and the strikers were beaten by police, then their bosses labeled all the strikers as communists.

9. How did President Wilson respond to the steel strike?
Wilson responded to the steel strike by ending the dispute, having the bosses and the workers sit down and talk out what they wanted.