Shannon Walsh
Report for Eisenhower
Report to the new President:
The United States needed to have control in Korea because it was the symbol of “the watching world.” If the United States lost Korea, it would mean that “they lost another match to the Soviet Union.” (The US State Department, 1950.) The United States was scared that if the USSR was to win Korea that there would be a big spread in communism. If there was communism in Korea it would mean that there would mean that the bumper that the US was using to keep the communism from getting close would now be made up of communism. By having the bumper become communist it would mean that the Soviet Union would have won because they destroyed the bumper that the US was relying on. The United States did not achieve its aims because at the end of all the fighting the border line between the North and South was still the 38th parallel.
The United Nations was able to help a lot with pushing the North Koreans out of South Korea. Based on source 4 it showed that with their help they were able to push the North Koreans all the way to the border line of North Korea and China. But when the Chinese joined the North Korean forces the UN and US were pushed back past the 38th parallel. The United Nations was only trying to restore peace to Korea. In source 5 the resolution that was passed by the UN in 1950 states that “The UN will render such assistance to the republic of Korea as may be necessary to restore international peace and security to the area.” This shows that the UN was only interested in helping saving the peace, and not gaining land for the United States.
MacArthur was removed from his position as General in Korea because he did not want to listen to Truman and he wanted to do what he wanted. MacArthur wanted to invade China, but Truman said he was not allowed to invade because it would start WWIII. Truman knew that the Chinese and the Soviets would back each other up because they were both communists. MacArthur did not listen to Truman and he decided to go behind Truman’s back and told the newspapers and magazines what he was going to do. Truman was furious so he fired MacArthur.
The death tolls of war were varied greatly between each group of people. Based on source 11 the civilians in both North and South Korea lost the most people. But the soldier toll was much less
Wednesday, March 31, 2010
Sunday, March 14, 2010
Dropping the Atomic Bomb
1. What factors have affected viewpoints on Truman's decision? -
The factors that affected trumans decision to drop the atomic bomb were the high causlities on both sides becasue the Japanese soldiers refused to surrender and would fight to the death. truman knew that if he dropped the atomic bomb he would be able to end the war quicker and lessen the caustality rate on the Allied sides.
2. Do you think he made the right decision? Give your reasons.-
Yes i believe he made the right decision becasue if he had not dropped the bomb the war would have been prolonged, plus the Allied were weakend from the Japanese attacks like the kamikaze suicide bombers were effecting the allied aircraft carriers. The japanese soldiers were ready to die for their country whether it was by a bomb or from hand to hand combate, so the decision to dropp the bomb was justified becasue it save the lifes of the estimated 1 million churchill had guessed. The bombing was unjustified becasue it killed innocent people, not just soldiers. This was not like the Allied bombings of Germany this was a much greater scale of cuasuities.
The factors that affected trumans decision to drop the atomic bomb were the high causlities on both sides becasue the Japanese soldiers refused to surrender and would fight to the death. truman knew that if he dropped the atomic bomb he would be able to end the war quicker and lessen the caustality rate on the Allied sides.
2. Do you think he made the right decision? Give your reasons.-
Yes i believe he made the right decision becasue if he had not dropped the bomb the war would have been prolonged, plus the Allied were weakend from the Japanese attacks like the kamikaze suicide bombers were effecting the allied aircraft carriers. The japanese soldiers were ready to die for their country whether it was by a bomb or from hand to hand combate, so the decision to dropp the bomb was justified becasue it save the lifes of the estimated 1 million churchill had guessed. The bombing was unjustified becasue it killed innocent people, not just soldiers. This was not like the Allied bombings of Germany this was a much greater scale of cuasuities.
Friday, March 12, 2010
War in the Pacific
1. What was the importance of the Battle of Midway?-
The battle of Midway ISland was a turning point for the war in the Pacific, the Allies were able to stop the japanese and start making them retreat. The Americans found the Japanese fleet and sent torpedo planes and dive bombers to attack. The result was devastating to the Japanese becasue all their planes were still on the Aircraft Carriers decks. By the end of the battle of midway island the Japanese had lost 4 aircraft carriers, a cruiser, and 250 planes. After the battle of midway island the Americans were able to start "island hopping" island by island the Americans were able to win back their territory.
2. What strategy did the United States adopt in fighting Japan?-
The United States adopted in fighting Japan
3. Why did the Japanese fight so hard on Iwo Jima?-
The Japanese fought hard on Iwo Jima becasue Iwo Jima was a key location for the Allies bomber base, these bombers would be used to bomb Japan.
4. Why did the Allies believe Okinawa was a foretaste of an invasion of Japan?-
The Allies believed that Okunawa was a foretaste of an invasion of Japan because the invasion lost a lot of lives on both sides. 7,600 Americans, 110,000 Japanese.
5. What was the Manhattan Project?-
The Manhattan Project was the "best kept secret of the war." The project was led by J. Robert Oppenheimer. Almost 600,000 Americans were involved in the project, although only some knew what it was going to do, Truman didnt know of the bomb until he became president. The first test was in Almogordo New Mexico, it was visible from 180 miles and there was a red mushroom cloud rising up out of the desert.
6. Ultimately, why did President Truman decide to drop atomic bombs on Japan?-
President Truman decided to drop the atomic bomb on Japan becasue he had no doubt that it would end the war. He told the Japanese that if they did not surender unconditionaly there would be "promt and utter destruction". Truman also said that "The final decision of where and when to use the atomic bomb was up to me. Let there be no mistake about it. I regarded the bomb as a military weapon and never had any doubt that it should be used.
The battle of Midway ISland was a turning point for the war in the Pacific, the Allies were able to stop the japanese and start making them retreat. The Americans found the Japanese fleet and sent torpedo planes and dive bombers to attack. The result was devastating to the Japanese becasue all their planes were still on the Aircraft Carriers decks. By the end of the battle of midway island the Japanese had lost 4 aircraft carriers, a cruiser, and 250 planes. After the battle of midway island the Americans were able to start "island hopping" island by island the Americans were able to win back their territory.
2. What strategy did the United States adopt in fighting Japan?-
The United States adopted in fighting Japan
3. Why did the Japanese fight so hard on Iwo Jima?-
The Japanese fought hard on Iwo Jima becasue Iwo Jima was a key location for the Allies bomber base, these bombers would be used to bomb Japan.
4. Why did the Allies believe Okinawa was a foretaste of an invasion of Japan?-
The Allies believed that Okunawa was a foretaste of an invasion of Japan because the invasion lost a lot of lives on both sides. 7,600 Americans, 110,000 Japanese.
5. What was the Manhattan Project?-
The Manhattan Project was the "best kept secret of the war." The project was led by J. Robert Oppenheimer. Almost 600,000 Americans were involved in the project, although only some knew what it was going to do, Truman didnt know of the bomb until he became president. The first test was in Almogordo New Mexico, it was visible from 180 miles and there was a red mushroom cloud rising up out of the desert.
6. Ultimately, why did President Truman decide to drop atomic bombs on Japan?-
President Truman decided to drop the atomic bomb on Japan becasue he had no doubt that it would end the war. He told the Japanese that if they did not surender unconditionaly there would be "promt and utter destruction". Truman also said that "The final decision of where and when to use the atomic bomb was up to me. Let there be no mistake about it. I regarded the bomb as a military weapon and never had any doubt that it should be used.
Tuesday, March 9, 2010
War for Europe and North Africa - Part II
6. What was D-Day?
D-Day was an attack by the Allies (America, Canada, and Great Biritain), the plan was to attack Normandy France becasuse it was a key point for landing the troops via Water. Normandy was also key to the Allies objective because form that point they could fly bombers into Berlin and take out Germany. D-Day consisted of many intrecate plans, including Plan Fortitude which made the GErmans think that there was an army in Ireland planing to attack Pas de Calisa which is the point that the Germans thought that the Allies were going to attack. D- Day was planed for a few days before the actual date that went down however because there was bad weather and the Ships could not cross the English Channel. D-Day took Place on June 6th 1944, after midnight 3 divisions parachuted behind enemy lines to distract the Gemanss from seeing the ships carrying the soldiers to normandy. This was the largest land and sea and sircraft mission in the history.
though there were heavy casulaties teh Allies were able to gain an 80 mile strip of land. right after the invasion of Normany the Allies went and liberated Paris.
7. What happened at the Battle of the Bulge?
In October of 1944 the Americans captured the first Germany town (Aachen.) Hitler was not prepared for this so he launched a desperate attack to break through the allied lines and to recapture the Belgian port Antwerp. The Germans broke through the Allied 80 mile front, tanks drove 60 miles into Allied territoy creating a gap in the lines that gave the battle its name, Battle of the Bulge. As the Germans advanced westerward they captured 120 American GI's near Malmedy. The elite German troops herdered the prisoners into a large field and killed them all with Machine guns and pistols. The battle took place for a month. When the battle was over the Germans had been pushed back, and not much changed from where they had started. but really the events had made a huge change, the Germans lost 120,000 troops and 600 tanks assult guns and 1,600 planes; now they didnt have much supplies left so all they could do was retreat.
8. What did Allied troops find in Germany?
When the Soviet Union invaded the heart of Germany they came across Majdanek a German death camp. As the Soviet Union advanced toward the camp the Nazis tried to burn and bury any evidence of their horrible crimes, but they didnt have enough time. When the Soviet Union entered the camp they found thousands of starving people who were barley living, there was the worlds largest crematorium, and a storehouse filled with about 8,000 pairs of shoes. The allies thought it was "a giant murder plant."
9. What happened to Hitler? What happened to F.D. Roosevelt? Who became U.S. President?
April 25th 1945 teh Soviet Union had invaded Berlin, on April 29th he married Eva Braun whom he had been with his whole time in office. He worte his last adress to the union blaming the Jews for the war and telling them why he was goint to kill himself. He shot himself and Eva drank poision, before he died he ordered some people to take their bodies outside to be burned that way there would be no way to desacrate the bodies. may 8th 1945 Eisenhower accepted the surrender of the 3rd Reich.
President FDR died on April 12th 1945 while he was posing for a portrait in Warm Springs Georgia. He did not live to see the V-E day. The night of his death Vice President Harry S. Truman became the nations 33rd President.
D-Day was an attack by the Allies (America, Canada, and Great Biritain), the plan was to attack Normandy France becasuse it was a key point for landing the troops via Water. Normandy was also key to the Allies objective because form that point they could fly bombers into Berlin and take out Germany. D-Day consisted of many intrecate plans, including Plan Fortitude which made the GErmans think that there was an army in Ireland planing to attack Pas de Calisa which is the point that the Germans thought that the Allies were going to attack. D- Day was planed for a few days before the actual date that went down however because there was bad weather and the Ships could not cross the English Channel. D-Day took Place on June 6th 1944, after midnight 3 divisions parachuted behind enemy lines to distract the Gemanss from seeing the ships carrying the soldiers to normandy. This was the largest land and sea and sircraft mission in the history.
though there were heavy casulaties teh Allies were able to gain an 80 mile strip of land. right after the invasion of Normany the Allies went and liberated Paris.
7. What happened at the Battle of the Bulge?
In October of 1944 the Americans captured the first Germany town (Aachen.) Hitler was not prepared for this so he launched a desperate attack to break through the allied lines and to recapture the Belgian port Antwerp. The Germans broke through the Allied 80 mile front, tanks drove 60 miles into Allied territoy creating a gap in the lines that gave the battle its name, Battle of the Bulge. As the Germans advanced westerward they captured 120 American GI's near Malmedy. The elite German troops herdered the prisoners into a large field and killed them all with Machine guns and pistols. The battle took place for a month. When the battle was over the Germans had been pushed back, and not much changed from where they had started. but really the events had made a huge change, the Germans lost 120,000 troops and 600 tanks assult guns and 1,600 planes; now they didnt have much supplies left so all they could do was retreat.
8. What did Allied troops find in Germany?
When the Soviet Union invaded the heart of Germany they came across Majdanek a German death camp. As the Soviet Union advanced toward the camp the Nazis tried to burn and bury any evidence of their horrible crimes, but they didnt have enough time. When the Soviet Union entered the camp they found thousands of starving people who were barley living, there was the worlds largest crematorium, and a storehouse filled with about 8,000 pairs of shoes. The allies thought it was "a giant murder plant."
9. What happened to Hitler? What happened to F.D. Roosevelt? Who became U.S. President?
April 25th 1945 teh Soviet Union had invaded Berlin, on April 29th he married Eva Braun whom he had been with his whole time in office. He worte his last adress to the union blaming the Jews for the war and telling them why he was goint to kill himself. He shot himself and Eva drank poision, before he died he ordered some people to take their bodies outside to be burned that way there would be no way to desacrate the bodies. may 8th 1945 Eisenhower accepted the surrender of the 3rd Reich.
President FDR died on April 12th 1945 while he was posing for a portrait in Warm Springs Georgia. He did not live to see the V-E day. The night of his death Vice President Harry S. Truman became the nations 33rd President.
Monday, March 8, 2010
War for Europe & North Africa
1. To what did Roosevelt and Churchill agree early in the war?-
Roosevelt and Churchill both agreed that they should join forces against the Access powers and that they should have a meeting about war plans ASAP. At the meeting Chirchill convinces Roosevelt that they shouold be worries about the germans first because they were a greater threat than the Japanese.
2. Why was winning the Battle of the Atlantic so crucial to the fortunes of the Allies?-
Winning the battle of the Atlantic was crutical to the fortunes of the Allies because if the German U-boats kept sinking the Supplies ships to Britian to America the British would never get supplies. By putting the ships into convoys escored by sinkers and planes with readers the boats arrived saftley, and the Germans U-boats were slowed down immensley.
3. Why was the Battle of Stalingrad so important?-
The Battle of Salingrad was very important because the Germans were going to capture/ conqure Stalingrad because it had oil and factories that would help them in the war. The Germans thought it was going to be an easy battle they had nightly air bombings on the city and buildings were set ablaze. When winter hit the Soviets led a counter attack becasue they could get their tanks around with the newly fallen snow. They surrounded Stalingrad and traped the GErman troops inside of the city. Many people on the soviet side were killed more than all the Americans in the whole war. But most Germans surrendered becasue they were freezing. The victory of the Soviet Union was a turing poin in the war becasue from this pont on the Soviet Army was able to take back their land and push Germany back to the West.
4. What happened in the war in North Africa?-
Operation Tourch was when the allied powers opened up a new front in North Africa in order to divert German troops away from the Soviet Unions front. 107,000 Allied troops landed in Casablanca, Oran, and Algiers in North Africa. From their the went east chasing the Afrika Korps which was led by General Erwin Rommel. After a few months the Afrika Korps surrendered in May of 1943.
5. What happened after the Allies invaded Italy?-
When the allied troops invaded Italy(Sisley first) in 1943, because of the capture of Sisley the italian government forced Mussolini to resign. He was the "most hated person in Italy." The Italians were celebrating the end of the war, but Hitler was determinded to make the Allied powers stop capturing Italy that way they wouldnt get into Germany. The "Battle of Bloody Anzio" was the hardest battle teh Allies fought in Italy and it lasted for 4 months (May 1944.) The attempt to free Italy didnt succeed until 1945 when Germany itself was close to collapse.
Roosevelt and Churchill both agreed that they should join forces against the Access powers and that they should have a meeting about war plans ASAP. At the meeting Chirchill convinces Roosevelt that they shouold be worries about the germans first because they were a greater threat than the Japanese.
2. Why was winning the Battle of the Atlantic so crucial to the fortunes of the Allies?-
Winning the battle of the Atlantic was crutical to the fortunes of the Allies because if the German U-boats kept sinking the Supplies ships to Britian to America the British would never get supplies. By putting the ships into convoys escored by sinkers and planes with readers the boats arrived saftley, and the Germans U-boats were slowed down immensley.
3. Why was the Battle of Stalingrad so important?-
The Battle of Salingrad was very important because the Germans were going to capture/ conqure Stalingrad because it had oil and factories that would help them in the war. The Germans thought it was going to be an easy battle they had nightly air bombings on the city and buildings were set ablaze. When winter hit the Soviets led a counter attack becasue they could get their tanks around with the newly fallen snow. They surrounded Stalingrad and traped the GErman troops inside of the city. Many people on the soviet side were killed more than all the Americans in the whole war. But most Germans surrendered becasue they were freezing. The victory of the Soviet Union was a turing poin in the war becasue from this pont on the Soviet Army was able to take back their land and push Germany back to the West.
4. What happened in the war in North Africa?-
Operation Tourch was when the allied powers opened up a new front in North Africa in order to divert German troops away from the Soviet Unions front. 107,000 Allied troops landed in Casablanca, Oran, and Algiers in North Africa. From their the went east chasing the Afrika Korps which was led by General Erwin Rommel. After a few months the Afrika Korps surrendered in May of 1943.
5. What happened after the Allies invaded Italy?-
When the allied troops invaded Italy(Sisley first) in 1943, because of the capture of Sisley the italian government forced Mussolini to resign. He was the "most hated person in Italy." The Italians were celebrating the end of the war, but Hitler was determinded to make the Allied powers stop capturing Italy that way they wouldnt get into Germany. The "Battle of Bloody Anzio" was the hardest battle teh Allies fought in Italy and it lasted for 4 months (May 1944.) The attempt to free Italy didnt succeed until 1945 when Germany itself was close to collapse.
Sunday, March 7, 2010
Mobilizing for WWII.
1. Selective Service System- The Selective Service System contributed to moblizing the war byincreasing the draft size which eventually added 10 million to the 5 million who had already signed up.
2. Women- The Womans Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) was formed to allow women into the army with non combatic jobs such as nurse, ambulance driver, radio operators, piolets, electricants etc. These women were givien pay and the same benifits as men, becasue of it thousands of women enlisted.
3. Minorities- Even though most of the minorities (African Americans, Native Americans, Mexicans, and Asians) did not think it was right for them to fight for a war for democratice freedom when they didnt have it in American made them not want to sign up. even though there was racisim 300,000 Mexican Americans joined the armed forces( even though they were the smallest contributer they had the most people die), 1 million African Americans, 13,000 Chinise Americans, and eventually 33,000 japanese Americans. These people also volunteered to spy of the enemy and were used as translator to see what the Japanese were up to when they were able to get close enough. Also about 25,000 native Americans joined 800 of them were women.
4. Manufacturers- The production of automoblies were shut down and were then used to build tanks, planes, boats and command cars. All across the counry factories were starting to contribute to the war effort not just tanks but things such as parts for bombs, shells, mosquito netting etc. Shipyards and defence plants expanded with speed, one aircraft carrier was said to have been made in four days.
5. Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD)- Founded by FDR the scientists were used to make improvements in radar and sonar to located subs under the water. DDT was encouraged to kill the bugs and to spray the soldiers with it so they wouldnt have lice. They also had new advancements in medican suchs as penicillin. the biggest job of these dcientists was to make new weapons, the Atomic Bomb. In order to get the bomb made faster the scientists were split into 3 groups which then became known as the Manhattan Project.
6 Entertainment industry-
7. Office of Price Administration (OPA)- The Opa fought inflation by freezing prices on most goods. COngress also raides income tax rates and extended the tax to millions of people who had never paid it before. The higher the taxes = the reduction on consumer demnd on scarce goods by leaving workers with less to spend.
8. War Production Board (WPB)- Insured that the armed forces and war industries recived the resources they needed to win the war. They decided which countries would convert from peacetime to wawrtime productions to help gain key materials. The WPB also organised drives to collect scrap iron, tin, paper, rags and cooking fat for recycling into war goods.School kids collected about 36 milllion pounds of scrap metal
9. Rationing- The OPA established fixed allotments of goods deemed essential for the military. households recived ration books with coupons to buy scarce goods such as meat, shoes, coffee,and gasoline. Gas rationing was hard on people in the western regions because driving was the only way to get around, so they carpooled instead.
2. Women- The Womans Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) was formed to allow women into the army with non combatic jobs such as nurse, ambulance driver, radio operators, piolets, electricants etc. These women were givien pay and the same benifits as men, becasue of it thousands of women enlisted.
3. Minorities- Even though most of the minorities (African Americans, Native Americans, Mexicans, and Asians) did not think it was right for them to fight for a war for democratice freedom when they didnt have it in American made them not want to sign up. even though there was racisim 300,000 Mexican Americans joined the armed forces( even though they were the smallest contributer they had the most people die), 1 million African Americans, 13,000 Chinise Americans, and eventually 33,000 japanese Americans. These people also volunteered to spy of the enemy and were used as translator to see what the Japanese were up to when they were able to get close enough. Also about 25,000 native Americans joined 800 of them were women.
4. Manufacturers- The production of automoblies were shut down and were then used to build tanks, planes, boats and command cars. All across the counry factories were starting to contribute to the war effort not just tanks but things such as parts for bombs, shells, mosquito netting etc. Shipyards and defence plants expanded with speed, one aircraft carrier was said to have been made in four days.
5. Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD)- Founded by FDR the scientists were used to make improvements in radar and sonar to located subs under the water. DDT was encouraged to kill the bugs and to spray the soldiers with it so they wouldnt have lice. They also had new advancements in medican suchs as penicillin. the biggest job of these dcientists was to make new weapons, the Atomic Bomb. In order to get the bomb made faster the scientists were split into 3 groups which then became known as the Manhattan Project.
6 Entertainment industry-
7. Office of Price Administration (OPA)- The Opa fought inflation by freezing prices on most goods. COngress also raides income tax rates and extended the tax to millions of people who had never paid it before. The higher the taxes = the reduction on consumer demnd on scarce goods by leaving workers with less to spend.
8. War Production Board (WPB)- Insured that the armed forces and war industries recived the resources they needed to win the war. They decided which countries would convert from peacetime to wawrtime productions to help gain key materials. The WPB also organised drives to collect scrap iron, tin, paper, rags and cooking fat for recycling into war goods.School kids collected about 36 milllion pounds of scrap metal
9. Rationing- The OPA established fixed allotments of goods deemed essential for the military. households recived ration books with coupons to buy scarce goods such as meat, shoes, coffee,and gasoline. Gas rationing was hard on people in the western regions because driving was the only way to get around, so they carpooled instead.
Tuesday, March 2, 2010
America Moves Toward War
1. What did the 1939 Neutrality Act allow?
The Neutrality Act allowed the U.S to give supplies for war to the Allies, but they had to come to America and transport them back to the battlefields. Later this law was revoked and we "loaned" them supplies.
2. Who were the Axis powers?
The Axis powers were Italy, Germany, and Japan.
3. What did the Lend-Lease Act do?
The lend Lease Act allowed the U.S to give/ lend Wepaons and supplies to the Allied forces.
4. What pledges were contained in the Atlantic Charter
The U.S agreede to help Great Britian with the war, and they would watch wach others backs.
5. Who were the Allies?
The allies were mostly the the rest of the world excluding the axis powers. The main powers were The U.S.A, Great Britian, and France.
what did the attack on pearl harbor do to the U.S pacific fleet?
IT severly damaged and slowed the U.S procession into the war. But some of the main aircraft carriers werent in the harbor. Which is why the U.S was able to get into the war a lot faster. They were carrying key equitment.
Why did Germany and Italy declare war on the U.S.?
Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S becasue they didnt want to look weak to the rest of the world. They also thoought that they would be done with the Russian front, and they would be able to secure the Europe front, then they would be able to attack the U.S.A.
The Neutrality Act allowed the U.S to give supplies for war to the Allies, but they had to come to America and transport them back to the battlefields. Later this law was revoked and we "loaned" them supplies.
2. Who were the Axis powers?
The Axis powers were Italy, Germany, and Japan.
3. What did the Lend-Lease Act do?
The lend Lease Act allowed the U.S to give/ lend Wepaons and supplies to the Allied forces.
4. What pledges were contained in the Atlantic Charter
The U.S agreede to help Great Britian with the war, and they would watch wach others backs.
5. Who were the Allies?
The allies were mostly the the rest of the world excluding the axis powers. The main powers were The U.S.A, Great Britian, and France.
what did the attack on pearl harbor do to the U.S pacific fleet?
IT severly damaged and slowed the U.S procession into the war. But some of the main aircraft carriers werent in the harbor. Which is why the U.S was able to get into the war a lot faster. They were carrying key equitment.
Why did Germany and Italy declare war on the U.S.?
Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S becasue they didnt want to look weak to the rest of the world. They also thoought that they would be done with the Russian front, and they would be able to secure the Europe front, then they would be able to attack the U.S.A.
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