1. Baby Boom-
The Baby boom was when the American soldiers came home and settled into urban life and had a family, which ended in a huge increase in the number of babies born that year. This is important because it was the largest generation in Americas history.
2. Dr. Jonas Salk-
Dr. Jonas Salk developed a vacine for poliomylitis, Polio. This is important because it saved hundreds of thousands of childrens lives.
3. Interstate Highway System-
The Interstate Highway System was important because there were so many cars that there wasnt enough roads. The Interstate was a network of highways. Allowed long haul trucking to be possible, but trains declined as well as towns not along the highway. Because of the cheap gas and interstate families were travling all over the place.
4. Franchise-
Is a company that offers similar products or services in many locations. This was important because it was the start of McDonalds and other fast food places, along with many of the businesses that we shop at today such as Mobile gas, Stop and Shop, dunkin donuts etc.
5. In a paragraph, describe in detail how Americans spent their leisure time in the 1950s
Because people only worked 40 hour weeks there was more leisure than ever. Also because of the new advances in tech each household was able to have washing machines, dryers, dishwashers, powered lawn mowers, etc, which opened up time for people to spend. In their spare time people played sports and other recreational activities, along with watching them on t.v. Besides rec activities people also began to read a lot in their spare time, book sranged from cooking and classics to comic books and magazines.
Wednesday, April 14, 2010
Saturday, April 10, 2010
The Arms Race
1. Read Source 12. What methods do you think Dulles had in mind to 'liberate captive peoples' without a war?
I would say that he was going to do things like have "mini wars" like the Korea war where the U.S doesnt specifictly attack communism, the US would instead back anit communist peoples. Anouther thing they could do was have wars in technololgy like which superpower could have the most atomic weapons, who possesed the most deadly one, who could get a man onto the moon/into space.
2. Look at Source 13. Would you agree that the Communist world was encircled? Explain your answer.
Yes i agree that the USSR was surrounded by the allied powers that were trying to contain communism. The USSR was surrounded by SEATO, CENTO, and NATO. Because all of these packs were made by anit-communist countries the USSR had to make the warsaw pact to counter all of the other anti communist countries.
3. Carefully examine the verticle timeline on page 343. Then look back at Source 12. Do you think the development of nuclear weapons was what Dulles might have had in mind? I believe that Dulles was talking about beating the soviets in having the best waepons stockpiled to show that they had more power and that the USSR was almost always behind on discovering new things
4. Look at Source 16. What is the Soviet cartoon saying about the U-2 plane?
The Soviet Union was saying that the U-2 planes were used by the US to spy on them. The cartoon was used to gain intelligance on the USSR. While the US used hi-tech to spy the USSR was fine with using human people to gain intelligance on the US.
5. Read the Factfile on page 344. Explain why the USSR was so angry about the US spy flights.
The USSR had everyright to be upset with the US spy flights over their territory. When Truman was president the 2 countries made an agreement that there would be no flights over each others countries to insure that there were no atomic bombs dropped without warning. But the US sent in U-2 spy planes anyways. Unlike spys these planes could gather much more information because of all the hi-tech. The USSR should have been angry because Eisnhower broke the agreement that was starting to help the relations of the 2 superpowers.
6. How would the USA justify this violation of Soviet territory?
The USA could justify this violation of USSR territory by saying that they were looking after the US citizens best intrestes making sure that there wasn't going to be any atomic bombs dropped on them when they were sleeping. The USA could also say that flying these planes was the equilevent to having spys sent into the USSR to gather info, and they could accuse the USSR of sending spys over (which they did to get Powers out of his 10 year sentence)
7. If the USSR had had U-2 planes, do you think it would have used them? Why?
I believe that if the USSR had the U-2 planes they would use them but I think that if the USA had told them that it was a violation they would have stopped and relied on the spys again to avoid another war.
8. Look at Source 17. Why do you think the USA had missiles based in Europe?
I believe that the USA had missles based in europe becasue it would be easier and quicker to drop them on the USSR if there was an emergency. If the missels were kept in the USA they would take them more time to get to the USSR which depending on the events could cost a lot of people their lives.
9. Define the term 'nuclear deterrent' in not more than 20 words.
Nuclear Deterrent- a countrys nuclear weapons arsenal, for a countrys nuclear deterrent to be successful, the country has to preserve its second strike capability.
"Deterrence Theroy- holds that the nuclear weapons are intended to deter other states from attacking with their nuclear weapons, through the promise of retaliation and mutually assured destruction(MAD) It can also bbe assigned as a response to an attack by conventional forces"-Wikipiedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_deterrent)
I would say that he was going to do things like have "mini wars" like the Korea war where the U.S doesnt specifictly attack communism, the US would instead back anit communist peoples. Anouther thing they could do was have wars in technololgy like which superpower could have the most atomic weapons, who possesed the most deadly one, who could get a man onto the moon/into space.
2. Look at Source 13. Would you agree that the Communist world was encircled? Explain your answer.
Yes i agree that the USSR was surrounded by the allied powers that were trying to contain communism. The USSR was surrounded by SEATO, CENTO, and NATO. Because all of these packs were made by anit-communist countries the USSR had to make the warsaw pact to counter all of the other anti communist countries.
3. Carefully examine the verticle timeline on page 343. Then look back at Source 12. Do you think the development of nuclear weapons was what Dulles might have had in mind? I believe that Dulles was talking about beating the soviets in having the best waepons stockpiled to show that they had more power and that the USSR was almost always behind on discovering new things
4. Look at Source 16. What is the Soviet cartoon saying about the U-2 plane?
The Soviet Union was saying that the U-2 planes were used by the US to spy on them. The cartoon was used to gain intelligance on the USSR. While the US used hi-tech to spy the USSR was fine with using human people to gain intelligance on the US.
5. Read the Factfile on page 344. Explain why the USSR was so angry about the US spy flights.
The USSR had everyright to be upset with the US spy flights over their territory. When Truman was president the 2 countries made an agreement that there would be no flights over each others countries to insure that there were no atomic bombs dropped without warning. But the US sent in U-2 spy planes anyways. Unlike spys these planes could gather much more information because of all the hi-tech. The USSR should have been angry because Eisnhower broke the agreement that was starting to help the relations of the 2 superpowers.
6. How would the USA justify this violation of Soviet territory?
The USA could justify this violation of USSR territory by saying that they were looking after the US citizens best intrestes making sure that there wasn't going to be any atomic bombs dropped on them when they were sleeping. The USA could also say that flying these planes was the equilevent to having spys sent into the USSR to gather info, and they could accuse the USSR of sending spys over (which they did to get Powers out of his 10 year sentence)
7. If the USSR had had U-2 planes, do you think it would have used them? Why?
I believe that if the USSR had the U-2 planes they would use them but I think that if the USA had told them that it was a violation they would have stopped and relied on the spys again to avoid another war.
8. Look at Source 17. Why do you think the USA had missiles based in Europe?
I believe that the USA had missles based in europe becasue it would be easier and quicker to drop them on the USSR if there was an emergency. If the missels were kept in the USA they would take them more time to get to the USSR which depending on the events could cost a lot of people their lives.
9. Define the term 'nuclear deterrent' in not more than 20 words.
Nuclear Deterrent- a countrys nuclear weapons arsenal, for a countrys nuclear deterrent to be successful, the country has to preserve its second strike capability.
"Deterrence Theroy- holds that the nuclear weapons are intended to deter other states from attacking with their nuclear weapons, through the promise of retaliation and mutually assured destruction(MAD) It can also bbe assigned as a response to an attack by conventional forces"-Wikipiedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_deterrent)
Tuesday, April 6, 2010
Eisenhower & The Cold War
How did the United States react to the following 7 events, and why?
1. The Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb in 1949.
When The Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb in 1949, President truman was faced with a terrible decision, wheter to develop an even more horrifying weapon or not. America was worried what teh USSR would do wiht these bombs so they decided to creat a better, stronger bomb, the Hydrogen Bomb.
2. In 1951, the Iranian prime minister placed the oil industry in Iran under the Iranian government’s control.
The United States feared that because the British were refusing to buy the oil, and the iranian economy wen tdown that they would become pro communist by turnig to the Soviets for help. So the CIA gave them several million dollars hopingthat the last leader would take charge again.
3. The Guatemalan head of government gave American-owned land in Guatemala to peasants.
Eisenhower beliueved that the Guatemalas' government had communist sympathies because it had given more than 200,000 acres of Americna owned land to the peasants. America had the CIA trained an army to invade Guatemala. The Gautamalan army refused to defend the president and he was forced to resign, the american armys leader became the new dictator of the country.
4. In 1956, Britain, France, and Israel invaded Egypt and occupied the Suez Canal.
Right after the Geneva summit Great Britain and rthe US helped build a dam at on the Nile River (Aswan)But the Egyptian leader was trying to use both the USSR and the US to gain double the aid for his country. When the loan was withdrawn after finding out about the dealings withthe soviets nasser nationalized the Suez Canal, which was owned by the French and the British who became outraged after hearing of this. Nasser refused to let ships pass that were headed for Israel. All the countries sent troops in and the UN was forced to step in to stop the fighting. And Nasser was left with the control of the canal.
5. Soviet tanks invaded Hungary and fired on protesters in 1956.
America should have been there to help the people. But because it was the USSR's satillite nations. The protester were armed with only bottles and pistols.
6. In 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik.
America were shocked by being beaten by the Soviets. The US then put a lot of money into their space program. U.S scientists had to work over time to catch up with the Soviets. The first U.S attempt to send up a satillite did not go as planned. But on January 31st 1958 the US was able to get the satillite into space.
7. In 1960, the Soviet Union brought down an American U-2 piloted by Francis Gary Powers.
The CIA began making high altitude flights over the Soviet territory after the "Open Skies" proposal in 1955. The planes they used were called U-2. As a U-2 passed over the USSR its infrared cameras took detailed photographs of troop movement and missel sites. U.S officals wanted the missions stopped, and so didnt president Eisenhower. "If one of these aircrafts were lost when we were engaged in apparently sincere diliberations, it could... ruin my effectiveness," Powers had just gotton over enemy li nes when he was shot down by a soviet plane and was forced to parachute down to the ground, but he was forced to spend 10 years in prison. Eisenhower denied that the U-2 was spying and Khrushcev demanded an apology for the flights and a promise to halt them. eisnhower stopped the U-2 flights, but he didnt apologize. So Khrushchev called off the summit, he also withdrew his invitation to Eisenhower to visit the USSR. Now the tension between the 2 superpowers was as great as ever.
1. The Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb in 1949.
When The Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb in 1949, President truman was faced with a terrible decision, wheter to develop an even more horrifying weapon or not. America was worried what teh USSR would do wiht these bombs so they decided to creat a better, stronger bomb, the Hydrogen Bomb.
2. In 1951, the Iranian prime minister placed the oil industry in Iran under the Iranian government’s control.
The United States feared that because the British were refusing to buy the oil, and the iranian economy wen tdown that they would become pro communist by turnig to the Soviets for help. So the CIA gave them several million dollars hopingthat the last leader would take charge again.
3. The Guatemalan head of government gave American-owned land in Guatemala to peasants.
Eisenhower beliueved that the Guatemalas' government had communist sympathies because it had given more than 200,000 acres of Americna owned land to the peasants. America had the CIA trained an army to invade Guatemala. The Gautamalan army refused to defend the president and he was forced to resign, the american armys leader became the new dictator of the country.
4. In 1956, Britain, France, and Israel invaded Egypt and occupied the Suez Canal.
Right after the Geneva summit Great Britain and rthe US helped build a dam at on the Nile River (Aswan)But the Egyptian leader was trying to use both the USSR and the US to gain double the aid for his country. When the loan was withdrawn after finding out about the dealings withthe soviets nasser nationalized the Suez Canal, which was owned by the French and the British who became outraged after hearing of this. Nasser refused to let ships pass that were headed for Israel. All the countries sent troops in and the UN was forced to step in to stop the fighting. And Nasser was left with the control of the canal.
5. Soviet tanks invaded Hungary and fired on protesters in 1956.
America should have been there to help the people. But because it was the USSR's satillite nations. The protester were armed with only bottles and pistols.
6. In 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik.
America were shocked by being beaten by the Soviets. The US then put a lot of money into their space program. U.S scientists had to work over time to catch up with the Soviets. The first U.S attempt to send up a satillite did not go as planned. But on January 31st 1958 the US was able to get the satillite into space.
7. In 1960, the Soviet Union brought down an American U-2 piloted by Francis Gary Powers.
The CIA began making high altitude flights over the Soviet territory after the "Open Skies" proposal in 1955. The planes they used were called U-2. As a U-2 passed over the USSR its infrared cameras took detailed photographs of troop movement and missel sites. U.S officals wanted the missions stopped, and so didnt president Eisenhower. "If one of these aircrafts were lost when we were engaged in apparently sincere diliberations, it could... ruin my effectiveness," Powers had just gotton over enemy li nes when he was shot down by a soviet plane and was forced to parachute down to the ground, but he was forced to spend 10 years in prison. Eisenhower denied that the U-2 was spying and Khrushcev demanded an apology for the flights and a promise to halt them. eisnhower stopped the U-2 flights, but he didnt apologize. So Khrushchev called off the summit, he also withdrew his invitation to Eisenhower to visit the USSR. Now the tension between the 2 superpowers was as great as ever.
Monday, April 5, 2010
The Red Scare (1950s).
1. HUAC - House Un-American Activities Committee. An Agencie that investigated possible Communist influence, both inside and outside the U.S government. The HUAC was the most famous. In 1947, it made headlines in newspapers because it had become to investigate Communist influance in the movie industry. The HUAC believed that communists were sneaking propaganda into films.
2. Blacklist- A black list is a list of people who were condemened for having a Communist background. People who were blacklisted- approximately 500 actors, writers, producers, and dicectors- that had their careers go down because they werent allowed to work.
3. Alger Hiss- Was accused by whittaker Chambers accused him of being a spy for the USSR. Chambers made fake evidence to frame Hiss, but to many years had passed for the government prosecutors to charge him with espionage, but the jury convicted him of perjury because he "lied" about the documents. This shows that the government was accusing people for no reason, or just to have a trial.
4. Ethel and Julius Rosenberg- Were minor activists in the American Communist Party. They were implicated in the second spy case of Klaus Fuchs who gave the USSR information about the atomic bomb (he admitted that he had done so)
5. Joseph McCarthy- He was a famous anti communist activist Senator, who was also a republican from Wisconsin. Within his fisrt 3 years he became known for being ineffective legislator. He realized that he was going to have to win an issue so he could be reelected (1952.) So to insure that he won he charged that the communists were tking over the government.
6. McCarthyism- taking advantage of peoples concerns about communism, McCarthy made one unsupported accusationafter another. The attacks on suspected communists became know as McCarthyism. IT is the unfair tactic of accusing people of disloylatly without providing evidence.
7. McCarthy had to convict innocent people of Communism to insure that he was reelected into the senate in the 1952 election. he was know for losing his cases and getting nothing done. because calling people Communists didnt involve any evidence he was ablt ot win a lot of case and make himself look good. becasue of this innocent people were put into jail. Plus it showed that the system was flawed because he was able to do this without people doig amything to stop him. His fellow republicans didnt say anything because they wanted to have the most seats in the Senate so that they would win the majority of the votes.
2. Blacklist- A black list is a list of people who were condemened for having a Communist background. People who were blacklisted- approximately 500 actors, writers, producers, and dicectors- that had their careers go down because they werent allowed to work.
3. Alger Hiss- Was accused by whittaker Chambers accused him of being a spy for the USSR. Chambers made fake evidence to frame Hiss, but to many years had passed for the government prosecutors to charge him with espionage, but the jury convicted him of perjury because he "lied" about the documents. This shows that the government was accusing people for no reason, or just to have a trial.
4. Ethel and Julius Rosenberg- Were minor activists in the American Communist Party. They were implicated in the second spy case of Klaus Fuchs who gave the USSR information about the atomic bomb (he admitted that he had done so)
5. Joseph McCarthy- He was a famous anti communist activist Senator, who was also a republican from Wisconsin. Within his fisrt 3 years he became known for being ineffective legislator. He realized that he was going to have to win an issue so he could be reelected (1952.) So to insure that he won he charged that the communists were tking over the government.
6. McCarthyism- taking advantage of peoples concerns about communism, McCarthy made one unsupported accusationafter another. The attacks on suspected communists became know as McCarthyism. IT is the unfair tactic of accusing people of disloylatly without providing evidence.
7. McCarthy had to convict innocent people of Communism to insure that he was reelected into the senate in the 1952 election. he was know for losing his cases and getting nothing done. because calling people Communists didnt involve any evidence he was ablt ot win a lot of case and make himself look good. becasue of this innocent people were put into jail. Plus it showed that the system was flawed because he was able to do this without people doig amything to stop him. His fellow republicans didnt say anything because they wanted to have the most seats in the Senate so that they would win the majority of the votes.
Wednesday, March 31, 2010
Korean War Lessons
Shannon Walsh
Report for Eisenhower
Report to the new President:
The United States needed to have control in Korea because it was the symbol of “the watching world.” If the United States lost Korea, it would mean that “they lost another match to the Soviet Union.” (The US State Department, 1950.) The United States was scared that if the USSR was to win Korea that there would be a big spread in communism. If there was communism in Korea it would mean that there would mean that the bumper that the US was using to keep the communism from getting close would now be made up of communism. By having the bumper become communist it would mean that the Soviet Union would have won because they destroyed the bumper that the US was relying on. The United States did not achieve its aims because at the end of all the fighting the border line between the North and South was still the 38th parallel.
The United Nations was able to help a lot with pushing the North Koreans out of South Korea. Based on source 4 it showed that with their help they were able to push the North Koreans all the way to the border line of North Korea and China. But when the Chinese joined the North Korean forces the UN and US were pushed back past the 38th parallel. The United Nations was only trying to restore peace to Korea. In source 5 the resolution that was passed by the UN in 1950 states that “The UN will render such assistance to the republic of Korea as may be necessary to restore international peace and security to the area.” This shows that the UN was only interested in helping saving the peace, and not gaining land for the United States.
MacArthur was removed from his position as General in Korea because he did not want to listen to Truman and he wanted to do what he wanted. MacArthur wanted to invade China, but Truman said he was not allowed to invade because it would start WWIII. Truman knew that the Chinese and the Soviets would back each other up because they were both communists. MacArthur did not listen to Truman and he decided to go behind Truman’s back and told the newspapers and magazines what he was going to do. Truman was furious so he fired MacArthur.
The death tolls of war were varied greatly between each group of people. Based on source 11 the civilians in both North and South Korea lost the most people. But the soldier toll was much less
Report for Eisenhower
Report to the new President:
The United States needed to have control in Korea because it was the symbol of “the watching world.” If the United States lost Korea, it would mean that “they lost another match to the Soviet Union.” (The US State Department, 1950.) The United States was scared that if the USSR was to win Korea that there would be a big spread in communism. If there was communism in Korea it would mean that there would mean that the bumper that the US was using to keep the communism from getting close would now be made up of communism. By having the bumper become communist it would mean that the Soviet Union would have won because they destroyed the bumper that the US was relying on. The United States did not achieve its aims because at the end of all the fighting the border line between the North and South was still the 38th parallel.
The United Nations was able to help a lot with pushing the North Koreans out of South Korea. Based on source 4 it showed that with their help they were able to push the North Koreans all the way to the border line of North Korea and China. But when the Chinese joined the North Korean forces the UN and US were pushed back past the 38th parallel. The United Nations was only trying to restore peace to Korea. In source 5 the resolution that was passed by the UN in 1950 states that “The UN will render such assistance to the republic of Korea as may be necessary to restore international peace and security to the area.” This shows that the UN was only interested in helping saving the peace, and not gaining land for the United States.
MacArthur was removed from his position as General in Korea because he did not want to listen to Truman and he wanted to do what he wanted. MacArthur wanted to invade China, but Truman said he was not allowed to invade because it would start WWIII. Truman knew that the Chinese and the Soviets would back each other up because they were both communists. MacArthur did not listen to Truman and he decided to go behind Truman’s back and told the newspapers and magazines what he was going to do. Truman was furious so he fired MacArthur.
The death tolls of war were varied greatly between each group of people. Based on source 11 the civilians in both North and South Korea lost the most people. But the soldier toll was much less
Sunday, March 14, 2010
Dropping the Atomic Bomb
1. What factors have affected viewpoints on Truman's decision? -
The factors that affected trumans decision to drop the atomic bomb were the high causlities on both sides becasue the Japanese soldiers refused to surrender and would fight to the death. truman knew that if he dropped the atomic bomb he would be able to end the war quicker and lessen the caustality rate on the Allied sides.
2. Do you think he made the right decision? Give your reasons.-
Yes i believe he made the right decision becasue if he had not dropped the bomb the war would have been prolonged, plus the Allied were weakend from the Japanese attacks like the kamikaze suicide bombers were effecting the allied aircraft carriers. The japanese soldiers were ready to die for their country whether it was by a bomb or from hand to hand combate, so the decision to dropp the bomb was justified becasue it save the lifes of the estimated 1 million churchill had guessed. The bombing was unjustified becasue it killed innocent people, not just soldiers. This was not like the Allied bombings of Germany this was a much greater scale of cuasuities.
The factors that affected trumans decision to drop the atomic bomb were the high causlities on both sides becasue the Japanese soldiers refused to surrender and would fight to the death. truman knew that if he dropped the atomic bomb he would be able to end the war quicker and lessen the caustality rate on the Allied sides.
2. Do you think he made the right decision? Give your reasons.-
Yes i believe he made the right decision becasue if he had not dropped the bomb the war would have been prolonged, plus the Allied were weakend from the Japanese attacks like the kamikaze suicide bombers were effecting the allied aircraft carriers. The japanese soldiers were ready to die for their country whether it was by a bomb or from hand to hand combate, so the decision to dropp the bomb was justified becasue it save the lifes of the estimated 1 million churchill had guessed. The bombing was unjustified becasue it killed innocent people, not just soldiers. This was not like the Allied bombings of Germany this was a much greater scale of cuasuities.
Friday, March 12, 2010
War in the Pacific
1. What was the importance of the Battle of Midway?-
The battle of Midway ISland was a turning point for the war in the Pacific, the Allies were able to stop the japanese and start making them retreat. The Americans found the Japanese fleet and sent torpedo planes and dive bombers to attack. The result was devastating to the Japanese becasue all their planes were still on the Aircraft Carriers decks. By the end of the battle of midway island the Japanese had lost 4 aircraft carriers, a cruiser, and 250 planes. After the battle of midway island the Americans were able to start "island hopping" island by island the Americans were able to win back their territory.
2. What strategy did the United States adopt in fighting Japan?-
The United States adopted in fighting Japan
3. Why did the Japanese fight so hard on Iwo Jima?-
The Japanese fought hard on Iwo Jima becasue Iwo Jima was a key location for the Allies bomber base, these bombers would be used to bomb Japan.
4. Why did the Allies believe Okinawa was a foretaste of an invasion of Japan?-
The Allies believed that Okunawa was a foretaste of an invasion of Japan because the invasion lost a lot of lives on both sides. 7,600 Americans, 110,000 Japanese.
5. What was the Manhattan Project?-
The Manhattan Project was the "best kept secret of the war." The project was led by J. Robert Oppenheimer. Almost 600,000 Americans were involved in the project, although only some knew what it was going to do, Truman didnt know of the bomb until he became president. The first test was in Almogordo New Mexico, it was visible from 180 miles and there was a red mushroom cloud rising up out of the desert.
6. Ultimately, why did President Truman decide to drop atomic bombs on Japan?-
President Truman decided to drop the atomic bomb on Japan becasue he had no doubt that it would end the war. He told the Japanese that if they did not surender unconditionaly there would be "promt and utter destruction". Truman also said that "The final decision of where and when to use the atomic bomb was up to me. Let there be no mistake about it. I regarded the bomb as a military weapon and never had any doubt that it should be used.
The battle of Midway ISland was a turning point for the war in the Pacific, the Allies were able to stop the japanese and start making them retreat. The Americans found the Japanese fleet and sent torpedo planes and dive bombers to attack. The result was devastating to the Japanese becasue all their planes were still on the Aircraft Carriers decks. By the end of the battle of midway island the Japanese had lost 4 aircraft carriers, a cruiser, and 250 planes. After the battle of midway island the Americans were able to start "island hopping" island by island the Americans were able to win back their territory.
2. What strategy did the United States adopt in fighting Japan?-
The United States adopted in fighting Japan
3. Why did the Japanese fight so hard on Iwo Jima?-
The Japanese fought hard on Iwo Jima becasue Iwo Jima was a key location for the Allies bomber base, these bombers would be used to bomb Japan.
4. Why did the Allies believe Okinawa was a foretaste of an invasion of Japan?-
The Allies believed that Okunawa was a foretaste of an invasion of Japan because the invasion lost a lot of lives on both sides. 7,600 Americans, 110,000 Japanese.
5. What was the Manhattan Project?-
The Manhattan Project was the "best kept secret of the war." The project was led by J. Robert Oppenheimer. Almost 600,000 Americans were involved in the project, although only some knew what it was going to do, Truman didnt know of the bomb until he became president. The first test was in Almogordo New Mexico, it was visible from 180 miles and there was a red mushroom cloud rising up out of the desert.
6. Ultimately, why did President Truman decide to drop atomic bombs on Japan?-
President Truman decided to drop the atomic bomb on Japan becasue he had no doubt that it would end the war. He told the Japanese that if they did not surender unconditionaly there would be "promt and utter destruction". Truman also said that "The final decision of where and when to use the atomic bomb was up to me. Let there be no mistake about it. I regarded the bomb as a military weapon and never had any doubt that it should be used.
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